演员王宝强的天赋,导演王宝强的局限

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电影《八角笼中》,导演王宝强试图将他饰演的《人在囧途》《唐人街探案》与《盲井》《Hello!树先生》等片的优点融为一炉,试图将他扮演过的两种类型的角色合为一体,然后又在这种矛盾和庞大中失去方向和分寸。



文|梅雪风




演员王宝强


近二十年来,中国影坛有两个关于农村的标志性的符号。


其一是贾樟柯导演的作品中无数次出现的韩三明,他总是木讷的、呆滞的,与这个鲜艳热烈的世界格格不入地存在着,他是曾经那个穷困却又宁静缓慢的乡村的天然代言人。中国的城市化和工业化的速度之迅猛,显然让他无法适应。他茫然而又无助,他的自尊和自卑让他更倾向于缄口不言,这样他就不会在现代文明面前露出马脚来,而这一防御姿态所透露出的紧张,却更加彰显了他与城市之间的距离。


另一个则是王宝强,虽然也是非职业演员出身,但他的天赋显然要高于前者,所以他在阐释角色时有着更大的丰富性和延展度。从某种程度来说,王宝强是极其幸运的。他近乎标本似的形象和神态,既是深度思考中国现实的一个有力的入口, 同时,也是商业化制作在大量城市和古装题材之外的少有的有关乡村想象的有趣代言人。他少有的无缝地流转于严肃制作和商业产品之中,却又毫不违合。


在他的处女作《盲井》中,他所代表的天真与善良,成了被强大物欲所塑造的罪恶围猎的猎物。早期他眼神里所带着的毫无戒备心的纯真,成了那个时期某些群体道德沦丧的一面清澈的镜子,他在这部电影中其实不用表演, 导演用他的无辜,试探着人性直坠而下时那深渊的深度,以及在这天然的纯善的召唤下,人性的善与恶会经历怎样的挣扎,要付出多大的代价才能真正得到救赎。



《盲井》里纯真的王宝强





而韩杰所导演的《Hello!树先生》中,王宝强饰演的角色则更加复杂,这是一个小丑与先知、老实人与精神病的混合体。


他同样是个落伍者,当乡村的其他人迅速地搭上时代的列车,成为弄潮儿的时候, 他的善良以及无能让他只能孤独地停在原地。但他的复杂之处在于,他显然不愿意就此投降,他的虚荣让他学会了煞有介事,而他内心的虚弱,又让这种煞有介事显得夸张,王宝强在这部戏中贡献了他独有的抽烟姿势,那种师法于香港录像中大哥式手势的嚣张,和他内心慌乱所带来的多余动作的神经质,以及他断续而又持续地与这种慌乱作斗争的一波三折,在短短几秒中被精准呈现。一个乡村版孔乙己的形象瞬间显形,这种简约的生动,让它迅速成了短视频年代的天然宠物,被无数次播放。



《Hello!树先生》里的抽烟片段




现在想来, 影片所涉及的煤矿是那个时间段最佳的隐喻载体,这是一种黑色的财富,它的挖掘和售卖,所带来是金钱、被金钱迅速催熟的欲望,以及整个社会的裂纹密布。它在物理上让整个世界变得灰黑一片,让土地如同身体一样被掏空被截断如同废墟,让空气和每一个人的鼻孔及肺泡里布满那种黑色的微小颗粒, 也同样让每一个灵魂都染上灰霾。在这物理和精神的双重灰霾之中,树先生如同幽灵和醉汉一样行走其间,他在精神上切断了和这个世界的联系,于是外界的骚动不再困扰他,他用自我的逻辑覆盖了现实,在他的大脑深处,他听到有关这个世界未来的巨大的震动。


而贾樟柯的《天注定》里,王宝强则成了一个从农村出走的杀手。那个农村在这部电影里,同样灰败黯淡而躁动,金钱涤荡一切旧有道德,金钱成了一切的度量衡。但金钱似乎给他带不来任何的震动,他的枪成了他的存在方式,成了他无名怒火的发泄渠道,就像他给他儿子所展示的,枪声以及枪口所吐出的火焰,是他孤独世界里的黑暗烟火。


而在那些商业片中,单就人物的复杂性而言,王宝强显然没有他在文艺电影中的丰富度。商业电影需要的是单纯,即使是复杂,也只是一种包装,一种包裹在单纯之外的包装。


《天下无贼》中,傻根是城市文明对于乡村的最典型想象,他有着不可救药的对这个世界的善良,对人性有着牢不可撼的美好执念。这是一部在精神上与《盲井》同质的电影,但对王宝强的使用则更加通俗化,无以复加地美化,以及煽情化,让影片有着一种大型商业制作所必备的甜腻感。



《天下无贼》




当然,过于单纯,这个人物就只能成为一个被拯救者被保护者,他将缺乏成为真正男主角的主动性。所以,王宝强真正做主角的商业片,都是另一种模式,也是对于乡村居民的另一种想象。无论是《人在囧途》还是《唐人街探案》都是如此。


他们看起来都像缺一根弦,过份的热情让他们缺少小资和中产特别重视的人与人之间的边界感,他们并不像城里人那么见多识广,所以他们面对新事物总有着过度的夸张,他们都缺乏所谓伟大的理想,他们沉迷于自己那点看似无聊的小趣味里。他们并不知道自己身上的缺点是缺点,所以他们有着一种很自洽的自得其乐。这种形象同样是作为城市人的反衬出现的,《人在囧途》里,他是作为事业小成的中产阶级的反面出现,在《唐人街探案》系列中,他则是作为城市高智商青年才俊的对立面出现。《人在囧途》里,中产阶层的精明世故冷漠,最终被乡村看起来土气粗野但真诚的生命力所打动甚至是拯救,而在《唐人街探案》里,高智商的推理少年也得在满口大话却又智商短路的浮夸农村大叔的帮助下,才能解决困局,而且自己冰冷的内心,也在对方不知轻重的热情熏烤之下,变得有了些暖意。


从这个意义上来说,王宝强的存在,就是两个最大阶层板块之间裂缝的证明。在商业属性较强的电影里,他所代表的泥土味的善良、对精致却支离破碎的城市文明的救赎,是没被教化的生命力,可以重新激活精致却衰微的都市心灵。而在相对具有反思意味的电影里,这种善良则正在被摧毁,被扭曲被异化,在物质文明摧枯拉朽的狂飙突进之中,没有真正的桃源,覆巢之下,焉有完卵。


王宝强是中国现在少有且特有的特型演员或者说类型明星。他在现实中和电影中都在真正讲述中国现实和中国梦。他是中国这四十年从一个农业大国迅猛工业化的绝佳代言人,在他身上,寄托着的是我们对强大的农业文明的眷恋,是我们对现代文明天然的不安,是因为眷恋而产生的不自觉美化,是因为不安而临时所抱的佛脚。他的角色代表着我们的矛盾:无知带来的既有天真,也有粗鲁;教化带来的既有精雅,也有迂腐。他的角色既用粗鲁和脱线来愉悦城市文明,也用天真和纯良的消逝和毁灭来警醒城市文明。



《人在囧途》





导演王宝强


只有理解了王宝强作为演员的存在,才能真正理解他导演的电影,他的导演作品,从价值取向和审美形态来说,更像是他所塑造的人物形象的一个延伸。


只不过第一部戏《大闹天竺》,他只取皮相,所以遭受前所未有的恶评,而后一部《八角笼中》,他明白了这一点,将他扮演过的角色的精神实质投射到他的作品中去,于是实现了口碑上的翻盘。


《大闹天竺》看起来像是一个他完全没想明白的东西, 他似乎受到了这些年来演员转行做导演的风潮的影响,而他身边与他合作过的演员,都有不错的导演成绩,比如陈思诚,比如徐峥,比如黄渤,所以他也顺势尝试了一把。


王宝强可能更多地从《人在囧途》和《唐探》的外在形态去解读这两部电影的成功,所以影片充满着「唐探式」甚至是青出于蓝的情色粗俗和癫狂,但这种高扬的癫狂,却缺乏另一面的制衡,不止是趣味上缺乏层次,只有粗暴的重复,更是在价值观上,缺乏真正的对抗,于是也就不能翻起存在于每一个中国人心中的那层焦虑:那种离土地越来越远的惆怅,一种对于过往黄金年代的向往,一种对于生存环境变化的本能逃避,一种对于精神沙化后的本能饥渴。它虽然从形态上看起来仍然是个底层与上层互助和和解的故事,但白客所饰演的上层少爷和王宝强所饰演的底层贫民之间并没有基于阶层身份的理念和审美冲突,这两人其实没什么不同,他们都不过是《阿呆与阿瓜》似的神经脱线的小丑。


王宝强忘掉了自己得以走红的最本质原因,这也导致了《大闹天竺》本质上的失败。



《大闹天竺》




而最近这部《八角笼中》,应该是王宝强痛定思痛的一次回归。作为一个创作者,在怎么使用自己并放大自己的优点上,他回到了自己的本位。


这部电影一反《大闹天竺》的脚不沾地,而是扫描到中国现实的某些触目惊心处。但这种深处并不是像他所拍的李杨、韩杰、贾樟柯电影似的全然冷峻,在这里,王宝强同样也露出他的精明,他的自我表达永远不会比获得别人特别是大众的承认更重要。所以这次更像是他综合自己商业片和文艺片的创作经验的综合性尝试,他如他那些现实主义作品一样聚焦于中国的现实境况,在影片的主干形态上却又是典型的商业片模式。


我们能看到王宝强超强的学习能力。在片中,我们能看到很多片子的影子,比如《摔跤吧,爸爸》,因生存而放弃摔跤的爸爸将希望寄托在女儿身上,而在《八角笼中》,是因被陷害而丧失进入赛场机会的男人,将希望寄托在他收养的一群野孩子身上。比如《我不是药神》,同样是因为利益而开始,最终却以奉献作为结局。比如纪录片《千锤百炼》和《棒!少年》,前者讲的是拳击,两个性格迥异的运动员及他们教练的故事,在这部电影中,其中最有天才的一个运动员因为家境问题,放弃了训练,而成了一个建筑工地打杂的民工,这一处理,和《八角笼中》主角马虎最终重操旧业有着异曲同工的地方。而在《棒!少年》中,同样是两个性格迥异的少年,里面的马虎甚至同名现身《八角笼中》。



《八角笼中》的少年马虎




在这部电影中,我们能看到留守儿童生活的困窘,能看到大众的没有耐心且廉价的正义感怎么毁害一个好人,能看到大机构对自己的队员怎样剥削和抛弃。但所有这一切都被表现得相对克制,能看出这次王宝强对于情绪的节制,特别是最后一场搏斗戏,它被刻意变成了黑白。这种克制,让影片并不只是对于悲惨的一种利用,反而有了一种诚意。


除了情节上的用心,影片在视觉上同样下了功夫。川西地区的那遮蔽天地的大雾,成了那些底层民众人生路途的一种象征,而综合格斗的八角笼,则将这种无路可走的迷茫与困顿推到了极致。


我们可以感受到王宝强强烈的雪耻雄心,所以他在片中也有自然而然的某种夫子自道的意味,影片中最为动人也最强烈的情绪,是被误解的创痛。主人公自己被教练设计吃了禁药,却被上级认为是他故意的。他的主要意图并不是要靠这些孩子挣钱,却被大众泼脏水认为他剥削孤儿,甚至被他最得意的弟子指责,虽然影片最后表示这只是他和他的弟子为了吸引别人注意而出的奇招,但其中的激愤还是显而易见的。电影中的主人公如同他本人一样,出于强大的自尊心,同样绝不辩解,即使在最后他的徒弟真的拿下冠军,他也面色平静,因为软弱是不被允许的,更重要的是,尊严不许他面色激动,一旦激动,就会让人觉得好像他很在意别人怎么看他似的。


但也正是王宝强这种想要毕其功于一役的雄心,让这部电影离杰作还有不小的距离。


优秀的电影作品本质上都是单纯的,只是创作者探讨问题足够深入,因此让人生出复杂的感受。或者说它能够让复杂的现实在镜头下呈现出一种澄澈。比如杨德昌的《一一》,人生如此宏大的话题,在影片几个家庭关系的片段及一头一尾的婚礼和葬礼中变得简单透明,这种化繁为简的清澈,甚至会让你某一刻感到失重甚至是忧郁。


其实我们不用举太远的例子,就拿《我不是药神》来说,它的跌宕只是它的细部,它的内核其实相当简单,就是一个人在利益、法律以及情感之间的纠结。为了生存,利益战胜了法律,主人公去走私印度仿药;为了家庭,法律战胜了利益,主人公将仿药的经营权转让给别人;为了良心,情感战胜了法律和利益,他不顾自己的安危去继续走私仿药,并以成本价卖给患者。徐峥饰演的主人公的三次重大选择,无非是这三个选择之间的取舍,这选择之间,人生的无奈和悲凉,人性的怯懦与高贵被依次引爆。



《我不是药神》




而《千锤百炼》,内核也很简单、悲凉,是选择回到家做一份能即时养家糊口的微末工作,还是坚持下来为了那渺茫的所谓冠军之路。这两种选择里,理想的成份都很少,他们都出身贫寒,理想这个词太奢侈,冠军也更多地指向一种更体面的工作。


但在《八角笼中》,我们显然看到了太多的诉求,主人公既是为了自己的理想而战,为了母亲的期待而战,也是为了他所受到的冤屈而战,既是为了钱而战,也是为了他被激起的良心而战。而主人公所遇到的阻碍也五花八门,比如他的学生没有学籍,比如乌合之众的道德胁迫,比如网络时代的信息失真。这并行的精神诉求,和散点式的阻碍,并没有形成一个真正的戏剧体系。影片没有找到主人公精神蜕变的真正逻辑,所以他的人物弧光并没有被彻底展现。


从这一点来说,它与同期上映的《长安三万里》有异曲同工的地方,它们都情感充沛,但都在叙事上缺乏深谋远虑的架构,在某种程度都有流水账的嫌疑。它们甚至在一些关键情节设置上都很像, 《长安三万里》,老实的高适从李白处真正学会的,就是使诈,而《八角笼中》,主人公也在绝望之时,从川剧变脸中受到了启发,他通过自我表演,让曾经伤害他的网络成为他的棋子,帮助他的两个徒弟摆脱了大俱乐部的控制。而这两个转折,都很奇巧,却又与故事主线关系不大。


这种基本情节的撞车是很有意味的,它们都透露出对这个世界的某种失望:善良和正义并不能解决所有的问题,目的再纯良,也是要学会使诈的。


从这个角度来说,王宝强的这种不清晰,其实是他的某种下意识处理。他渴望塑造鲜明的人物,也渴望塑造真正复杂的人物,他渴望去赞颂他的主人公,也渴望去反思他的主人公。他被这种内在的矛盾性所困扰, 这种困扰被他下意识地搬上了银幕。这种从头至尾都无法驱散的人物灰色地带,是他认为的真实,而对于一部商业电影来说,又不够清澈。但对于一个严肃电影来说,这种反思的力度显然不够。


简而言之,他试图将他饰演的《人在囧途》《唐人街探案》与《盲井》《Hello!树先生》等片的优点融为一炉,试图将他扮演过的两种类型的角色合为一体,然后又在这种矛盾和庞大中失去方向和分寸。



《八角笼中》

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